TY - JOUR
T1 - Sludge drying and dewatering processes influence the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants
AU - Hajji, Sara
AU - Ben-Haddad, Mohamed
AU - Rida Abelouah, Mohamed
AU - De-la-Torre, Gabriel E.
AU - Ait Alla, Aicha
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2023/10
Y1 - 2023/10
N2 - Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as high-load receptors of microplastics (MPs) from different sources. However, the influence of specific treatment stanges requires further research. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the abundance and chemical characteristics of MPs in the sludge of two major wastewater treatment plants in the Agadir metropolis (Central Atlantic of Morocco). The Aourir plant receives urban influents and the inputs of the M'zar facility were urban and industrial. Samples were collected from the sludge matrices after primary settling, clarifying, dewatering, and drying systems. In addition, the effect of seasonality on MP load was assessed. The results showed that a higher abundance was noticed in raw sludge than in dewatered one in Aourir WWTP, while in M'zar WWTP, a very low decrease is noticed in dried sludge compared to raw sludge. The concentration of MPs in the summer season was significantly higher compared to other seasons for Aourir WWTP, while the winter season was higher for M'zar WWTP. Moreover, the most abundant shapes were fibers and the fraction 100–500 μm was the most preponderant. Eleven polymers were identified by ATR-FTIR, being polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene the most abundant ones. Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray revealed the visible degradation and fragmentation of MPs from sewage sludge and their ability to adsorb inorganic elements. It was estimated that between 2.2 × 107 and 7.4 × 108 MPs were evacuated with the sludge per day. The obtained findings confirmed that WWTP sludge acts as a vector of MPs with a high level of hazard to various matrices, such as landfills, agricultural soils, and groundwater. Overall, consideration must be given to the regulatory system managing the fate of sewage sludge to mitigate the collateral effects and provide solutions.
AB - Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as high-load receptors of microplastics (MPs) from different sources. However, the influence of specific treatment stanges requires further research. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the abundance and chemical characteristics of MPs in the sludge of two major wastewater treatment plants in the Agadir metropolis (Central Atlantic of Morocco). The Aourir plant receives urban influents and the inputs of the M'zar facility were urban and industrial. Samples were collected from the sludge matrices after primary settling, clarifying, dewatering, and drying systems. In addition, the effect of seasonality on MP load was assessed. The results showed that a higher abundance was noticed in raw sludge than in dewatered one in Aourir WWTP, while in M'zar WWTP, a very low decrease is noticed in dried sludge compared to raw sludge. The concentration of MPs in the summer season was significantly higher compared to other seasons for Aourir WWTP, while the winter season was higher for M'zar WWTP. Moreover, the most abundant shapes were fibers and the fraction 100–500 μm was the most preponderant. Eleven polymers were identified by ATR-FTIR, being polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene the most abundant ones. Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray revealed the visible degradation and fragmentation of MPs from sewage sludge and their ability to adsorb inorganic elements. It was estimated that between 2.2 × 107 and 7.4 × 108 MPs were evacuated with the sludge per day. The obtained findings confirmed that WWTP sludge acts as a vector of MPs with a high level of hazard to various matrices, such as landfills, agricultural soils, and groundwater. Overall, consideration must be given to the regulatory system managing the fate of sewage sludge to mitigate the collateral effects and provide solutions.
KW - Microplastic
KW - Pollution
KW - Polymer
KW - Risk
KW - Sludge
KW - Wastewater treatment plant
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85167576655&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/64cfcd27-01c3-3db3-8400-899ca249dc52/
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139743
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139743
M3 - Artículo
AN - SCOPUS:85167576655
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 339
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
M1 - 139743
ER -
